Comparative study of adverse drug reaction pattern of two anti-asthma groups of drugs in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Bronchial Asthma is one of the worldwide health problems associated with increased morbidity and also mortality. Bronchial Asthma is a disease of airways that is characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea-bronchial tree. Anti asthmatic drugs are associated with adverse effects which can affect the compliance and course of treatment. Monitoring adverse drug reactions in asthma will play a vital role in alerting physicians about the possibility and circumstances of such events, thereby protecting the user population from avoidable harm.Methods: The study was conducted in 500 bronchial asthma patients (250 patients in Beta 2 agonist group (Salbutamol) and 250 patients in Methylxanthine group (Deriphyllin) who fulfilled the study criteria and were observed for three months at Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. Their prescriptions were collected and analysed. Adverse drug reactions(ADRs) in each group were collected and evaluated. The causality assessment was done by WHO-UMC assessment scale and severity by using Modified Hartwig-Seigel severity assessment scale.Results: Total 38% of patients taking anti-asthma drugs were encountered adverse drug reactions and were more common in elderly females (61 to 70 years). Adverse Drug Reactions were more common in Methylxanthine group (48%) compared to Beta 2 agonist group (28%). Headache (38%) was the commonest ADR in Methylxanthine group and Tremors (31%) in Beta 2 agonist group. Most of ADRs were mild (95 %), manageable and comes under possible (60 %) category of WHO causality assessment scale.Conclusions: Treatment of Bronchial Asthma is mainly based on Beta 2 agonist and Methylxanthine group. So, occurrence of ADR is much common. Our study offers a representative idea of the ADR profile of anti asthmatic drugs. Constant vigil in detecting ADRs and subsequent dose adjustments can make therapy with anti asthmatic drugs safer and more effective. This, in turn, will improve compliance

Support Vector Machine based Image Classification for Deaf and Mute People

A hand gesture recognition system provides a natural, innovative and modern way of nonverbal communication. It has a wide area of application in human computer interaction and sign language. The whole system consists of three components: hand detection, gesture recognition and human-computer interaction (HCI) based on recognition; in the existing technique, ANFIS(adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system) to recognize gestures and makes it attainable to identify relatively complex gestures were used. But the complexity is high and performance is low. To achieve high accuracy and high performance with less complexity, a gray illumination technique is introduced in the proposed Hand gesture recognition. Here, live video is converted into frames and resize the frame, then apply gray illumination algorithm for color balancing in order to separate the skin separately. Then morphological feature extraction operation is carried out. After that support vector machine (SVM) train and testing process are carried out for gesture recognition. Finally, the character sound is played as audio output

Additional Muscle Slip of Bicipital Aponeurosis and its Anomalous Relationship with the Median Cubital Vein

The cubital region of the arm is a common site for recording blood pressure, taking blood for analysis and administering intravenous therapy and blood transfusions. During the routine dissection of a 70-year-old male cadaver at the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, in 2015, it was observed that the aponeurotic insertion of the biceps brachii muscle divided into two slips. The medial slip fused normally with the deep fascia of the forearm, while flexor carpi radialis muscle fibres originated from the lateral slip. There was also a single vein in the forearm, the cephalic vein, which bifurcated to form the median cubital vein and the cephalic vein proper. The median cubital vein, further reinforced by the radial vein, passed deep to the two slips of the bicipital aponeurosis and then continued as the basilic vein. During venepuncture, medical practitioners should be aware of potential cubital fossa variations which could lead to nerve entrapment syndromes

High Tc Superconductors -- A Variational Theory of the Superconducting State

We use a variational approach to gain insight into the strongly correlated d-wave superconducting state of the high Tc cuprates at T=0. We show that strong correlations lead to qualitatively different trends in pairing and phase coherence: the pairing scale decreases monotonically with hole doping while the SC order parameter shows a non-monotonic dome. We obtain detailed results for the doping-dependence of a large number of experimentally observable quantities, including the chemical potential, coherence length, momentum distribution, nodal quasiparticle weight and dispersion, incoherent features in photoemission spectra, optical spectral weight and superfluid density. Most of our results are in remarkable quantitative agreement with existing data and some of our predictions, first reported in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 87}, 217002 (2001), have been recently verified.Comment: (Minor revisions, 1 figure added, version to appear in PRB) 23 RevTeX pages, 11 eps figs, long version of cond-mat/0101121, contains detailed comparisons with experiments, analytical insights, technical aspects of the calculation, and comparison with slave boson MF

Stability and Effective Process Control for Secure Email Filtering

A fantastic tool for both commercial and personal communication is electronic mail. It has increasingly become a necessary component of our working life since it is straightforward, available, and simple to use. Spam emails have started to tarnish internet experiences and threaten the integrity of email. Due to the exponential growth of spam, both people and organisations are under a great deal of financial and other strain. In order to prevent the future of email itself from being in jeopardy, a solution to the spam problem must be discovered. There is an urgent need to solve the Email spam issue since spam volume has been rising over the last several decades. As part of this effort, many effects of spam emails on businesses and people were noted and thoroughly examined. In order to properly assess current technologies, solutions, and methods, a comprehensive literature review was conducted throughout the procedures. The goals of this work is to develop new methodologies for the implementation of new strategies for the efficient management of email spam and to construct a proof-of-concept software system for the Process controlled assessment of such strategies

T-Lymphocyte subpopulation in tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is associated with both qualitative and quantitative defects in the cell mediated immune response. The changes that occur in the lymphocyte profile in blood in children with tuberculosis are not well understood. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Referral hospitals. Methods: Lymphocyte subpopulations were determined by flow cytometry in 17 healthy tuberculin positive children, in 22 children with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and in 8 of these children after antituberculosis therapy, Results: Absolute numbers and percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells were reduced in children with tuberculosis, compared to controls. CD4+ counts increased significantly following antituberculosis treatment, compared to baseline values. In contrast, the proportion of T cells expressing the gd T cell receptor was similar in tuberculosis patients and controts. Conclusion: Children with tuberculosis have a systemic decrease in the proportion and number of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells which reverses during therapy

Deviations from Fermi-liquid behavior above TcT_c in 2D short coherence length superconductors

We show that there are qualitative differences between the temperature dependence of the spin and charge correlations in the normal state of the 2D attractive Hubbard model using quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The one-particle density of states shows a pseudogap above \tc with a depleted $N(0)$ with decreasing $T$. The susceptibility \cs and the low frequency spin spectral weight track $N(0)$, which explains the spin-gap scaling: 1/T_1T \sim \cs(T). However the charge channel is dominated by collective behavior and the compressibility $dn/d\mu$ is $T$-independent. This anomalous ``spin-charge separation'' is shown to exist even at intermediate $|U|$ where the momentum distribution n(\bk) gives evidence for degenerate Fermi system.Comment: 4 pages (twocolumn format), 5 Postscript figure

A different approach to soil analysis: Indicative studies

Soil analysis is a tool that has been employed with the primary goal of providing recommendations for soil rectification, crop productivity and for soil health management. Time tested methods like ammonium acetate extraction and diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) are commonly used for analysis of bioavailable nutrients. However, there are some limitations to these methods as both extraction fluids are buffered to neutral or near-neutral pH. Hence extracted nutrients represent a “potential or ideal-case” fertility status of soil instead of an “actual” field status. In the ‘Regular methods’, we are overlooking the role of pH, the master variable, in determining the availability of nutrients. Hence, in ‘Modified methods’, the extraction fluid is buffered to actual soil pH. Results obtained with over 150 random samples representing a range of pH, have indicated a difference in values between regular and modified extraction methods. The modified methods (MM) of ammonium acetate and DTPA extraction adjusted to soil pH were found to be better than regular method (RM) for estimation of calcium, magnesium with ammonium acetate and iron and manganese with DTPA in alkaline soils above pH 8.0. For a complete picture of soil health, productivity and fertility, microbiological and enzymatic analysis of soils were included in the present study. Soil solution equivalent medium (SSE) was found to be the appropriate culture medium for microbial counts. A linear relationship was found between urease activity and available nitrogen of soil

Effect of Glycerol on the Functional Properties of Chitosan/PEO Films

949-955Polymer blending is a productive technique for granting attractive properties in polymeric materials which are advantageous for the packaging industry. In the present investigation, blended films of chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were synthesized in different proportions of weight in the presence and absence of glycerol. Presence of distinctive peaks of chitosan and PEO at 1656 cm−1 and 843 cm−1 separately confirms the blending of chitosan/PEO. Simultaneously widening of peaks at 3380 cm−1 and 1656 cm−1 can be credited to the inter-molecular hydrogen bonding between chitosan/PEO films which thereby support blending. The physico-mechanical, barrier, optical, thermal, surface morphology and biodegradation properties of chitosan and PEO blended films with and without glycerol were estimated. It was seen that the tensile strength of the blended films diminished. Haze values of chitosan/PEO blended films with glycerol (20%) diminished from 17.7% for C100 to 3.7% for pure PEO bringing about an increase in transparency of the films that could be due to the plasticized effect. The outcomes indicate that in the presence of glycerol (20%), there is an increment of the elongation at break by more than 150%, inferring that these chitosan/PEO films could be suitably used in elastic and stretchable packaging. These films with high WVTR values can be utilized for fresh produce to control moisture evaporation and upgrades their shelf life. These films biodegrade or disintegrate within five weeks